Sakit Hernia/ Sakit Angin Pasang

Sakit Hernia/ Sakit Angin Pasang

 

Types of Hernias

Types of Hernia:-

Hernia, which is commonly known as sakit hernia or sakit angin pasang is a popular sickness in Malaysia. However, not many people understand much about this disease.

Types of Hernia:-

 1. Inguinal Hernia

• The most common type of hernia, where they make up about 70 percent of all Hernia.
• These hernias occur when the intestines push through a weak spot or tear in the lower abdominal wall, often in the inguinal canal.
• More common in men than in women.

2. Hiatal Hernia

• A hiatal hernia occurs when part of your stomach protrudes up through the diaphragm into your chest. The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that helps you breathe by contracting and drawing air into the lungs. It separates the organs in your abdomen from those in your chest.
• Most common in patients over 50 years old.
• Hiatal hernias always cause gastro esophageal reflux, when the stomach contents leak backward into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation.

3. Umbilical Hernia

• Occurs in children and babies under 6 months old.
• This happens when their intestines bulge through their abdominal wall near their bellybutton. You may notice a bulge in or near your child’s bellybutton, especially when they’re crying.
• Disappeared on its own, typically by the time the child is 1 year old. If the hernia has not gone away by this point, surgery is required.

4. Incisional Hernia

• Incisional hernias can occur after you’ve had abdominal surgery.
• Your intestines may push through the incision scar or the surrounding, weakened tissue.

What Causes a Hernia?

Hernias are caused by a combination of muscle weakness and strain. Depending on its cause, a hernia can develop quickly or over a long period of time.

Common causes of muscle weakness include:

• failure of the abdominal wall to close properly in the womb, which is a congenital defect
• age
• chronic coughing
• damage from injury or surgery 

Factors that strain your body and may cause a hernia, especially if your muscles are weak, include:

• being pregnant, which puts pressure on your abdomen
• being constipated, which causes you to strain when having a bowel movement
• heavy weight lifting
• fluid in the abdomen
• sudden gaining weight
• persistent coughing or sneezing 

Am I at Risk for a Hernia?

The factors that increase your risk of developing a hernia include:

• a personal or family history of hernias
• being overweight or obese
• a chronic cough
• chronic constipation
• smoking, which can trigger a chronic cough
• Cystic fibrosis can also indirectly increase risk of developing a hernia. Cystic fibrosis impairs the function of the lungs, causing a chronic cough.

What are the symptoms of a Hernia?

The most common symptom of a hernia is a bulge or lump in the affected area. You can feel your hernia through touch when you’re standing up.

If your baby has a hernia, you may only be able to feel the bulge when he or she is crying. A bulge is typically the only symptom of an umbilical hernia.

Other common symptoms of an inguinal hernia include:

• pain or discomfort in the affected area (usually the lower abdomen), especially when bending over, coughing, or lifting
• weakness, pressure, or a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen
• a burning, gurgling, or aching sensation at the site of the bulge

Other symptoms of a hiatal hernia include:

• acid reflux
• chest pain
• difficulty swallowing

How Is a Hernia Diagnosed?

Inguinal or incisional hernias are usually diagnosed through a physical examination. Your doctor may feel for a bulge in your abdomen or groin that gets larger when you stand, cough, or strain.

If you have a hiatal hernia, your doctor may diagnose it with a barium X-ray or endoscopy. These tests allow your doctor to see the internal location of your stomach:

• A barium X-ray is a series of X-ray pictures of your digestive tract. The pictures are recorded after you’ve finished drinking a liquid solution containing barium, which shows up well on the X-ray images.
• An endoscopy involves threading a small camera attached to a tube down your throat and into your esophagus and stomach. 

If your child has an umbilical hernia, your doctor may perform an ultrasound. An ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of the structures inside the body.

Treatment Options for a Hernia

Whether or not you need treatment depends on the size of your hernia and the severity of your symptoms. Your doctor may monitor your hernia for possible complications. Treatment options for a hernia include:

Lifestyle Changes

Dietary changes can often treat the symptoms of a hiatal hernia. Avoid large and heavy meals, don’t lie down or bend over after a meal, and keep your body weight in a healthy range.

If these changes in diet don’t eliminate your discomfort, you may need surgery to correct the hernia. You can also improve symptoms by avoiding foods that cause acid reflux or heartburn, such as spicy foods and tomato-based foods. Additionally, you can avoid reflux by losing weight and giving up cigarettes.

Medication

If you have a hiatal hernia, over-the-counter and prescription medications that reduce stomach acid can relieve your discomfort and improve symptoms. These include antacids, H-2 receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors. Please consult your doctor and pharmacist for the appropriate medications.

 

Hernia supports

Hernia supports and braces may help to relieve the symptoms as well. These products are designed to keep the protruding tissue in place and relieve discomfort. However, it is not a replacement for medical care.

Surgery

If your hernia is growing larger or causing pain, your doctor may decide to go for surgery. Your doctor may repair your hernia by sewing the hole in the abdominal wall closed during surgery. This is most commonly done by patching the hole with surgical mesh.

Hernias can be repaired with either open or laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic surgery uses a tiny camera and miniaturized surgical equipment to repair the hernia using only a few small incisions. Laparoscopic surgery is less damaging to the surrounding tissue.

Open surgery requires a longer recovery process. You may be unable to move around normally for up to six weeks. Laparoscopic surgery has a much shorter recovery time. However, the risk of your hernia reoccurring is higher. In addition, not all hernias are suitable for laparoscopic repair, including those in which a portion of your intestines has moved down into the scrotum.

Preventing a Hernia

You can’t always prevent the muscle weakness that allows a hernia to occur. However, you can reduce the amount of strain you place on your body. This may help you avoid a hernia or keep an existing hernia from getting worse. Prevention tips include:

• stop smoking
• seeing your doctor when you’re sick to avoid from developing a persistent cough
• maintaining a healthy body weight
• avoiding straining during bowel movements or urination
• lifting objects with your knees and not your back
• avoiding lifting weights that are too heavy 

Potential Complications of a Hernia

If left untreated, your hernia may grow and become more painful. A portion of your intestine could become trapped in the abdominal wall. This can obstruct your bowel, causing severe pain, nausea, and constipation. An untreated hernia can also put too much pressure on nearby tissues, which can cause swelling and pain in the surrounding area.

If the trapped section of your intestines doesn’t get enough blood flow, strangulation occurs. This can cause the intestinal tissue to become infected or dead. A strangulated hernia is life-threatening and requires immediate medical care.